The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.